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The Sun reaches the top of the red-giant branch of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, achieving its maximum radius of 256 times the present-day value. [118] In the process, Mercury, Venus and Earth are likely destroyed. [114] 8 billion The Sun becomes a carbon–oxygen white dwarf with about 54.05% of its present mass.
The biological and geological future of Earth can be extrapolated based on the estimated effects of several long-term influences. These include the chemistry at Earth's surface, the cooling rate of the planet's interior, gravitational interactions with other objects in the Solar System, and a steady increase in the Sun's luminosity.
The book also suggests that not only will Earth eventually become uninhabitable to complex life long before it finally gets destroyed by the Sun's red giant stage, it also implies that intelligent life will probably die out even much sooner due to them being even more fragile than other animals, and that not only microbial life were the first ...
NASA's Parker Solar Probe is about to make its closest approach to the sun. The spacecraft will fly within 3.8 million miles of the solar surface.
The Doomsday clock was set at 89 seconds to midnight on Tuesday morning, putting it the closest the world has ever been to what scientists deem "global catastrophe."
It is estimated that all eukaryotic life will die out due to carbon dioxide starvation. Only prokaryotes will remain. [212] 7.59 billion David Powell Earth and the Moon will be most likely be destroyed by falling into the Sun, just before the Sun reaches the largest of its red giant phase when it will
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The Sun will exit the main sequence in approximately 5 billion years and start to turn into a red giant. [29] [30] As a red giant, the Sun will grow so large (over 200 times its present-day radius: ~ 215 R ☉; ~ 1 AU) that it will engulf Mercury, Venus, and likely Earth. It will lose 38% of its mass growing, then will die into a white dwarf. [31]