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2. Diesel exhaust fluid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid

   Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF; also known as AUS 32 and sometimes marketed as AdBlue [3]) is a liquid used to reduce the amount of air pollution created by a diesel engine. Specifically, DEF is an aqueous urea solution made with 32.5% urea and 67.5% deionized water .

3. Diesel exhaust - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust

   Emissions from diesel vehicles are more harmful than those from petrol vehicles. [40] [41] [42] Diesel combustion exhaust is a source of atmospheric soot and fine particles, which is a component of the air pollution implicated in human cancer, [43] [44] heart and lung damage, [45] and mental functioning. [46]

4. Diesel particulate filter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter

   Soot and other particles from diesel engines worsen the particulate matter pollution in the air and are harmful to health. [8] New particulate filters can capture from 30% to greater than 95% of the harmful soot. [9] With an optimal diesel particulate filter (DPF), soot emissions may be decreased to 0.001 g/km or less. [10]

5. Defeat device - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeat_device

   1995 Cadillac Seville disengaged emissions controls whenever heat or air conditioning was on. In 1995, General Motors was ordered to recall 470,000 model year 1991 through 1995 Cadillacs and pay an $11 million fine for programming the car's electronic control unit (ECU) to enrich the fuel mixture any time the car's air conditioning or cabin heat was operating, since the EPA tests are conducted ...

6. Exhaust gas recirculation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation

   EGR valve the top of box on top of the inlet manifold of a Saab H engine in a 1987 Saab 90. In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide (NO x) emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline, diesel engines and some hydrogen engines. [1]

7. Swirl flap - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swirl_flap

   Swirl flap principle in a four-valve engine. A swirl flap is a small butterfly valve fitted to four-stroke internal combustion engines with at least two intake valves.It is installed inside or just before one of a cylinder's two intake ports, allowing to throttle its intake port's air flow, causing a swirl in the other intake port not fitted with a swirl flap.