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Lymphadenopathy of an inflammatory type (the most common type) is lymphadenitis, [1] producing swollen or enlarged lymph nodes. In clinical practice, the distinction between lymphadenopathy and lymphadenitis is rarely made and the words are usually treated as synonymous .
The ileocolic lymph nodes, from ten to twenty in number, form a chain around the ileocolic artery, but tend to subdivide into two groups, one near the duodenum and the other on the lower part of the trunk of the artery. Where the vessel divides into its terminal branches the chain is broken up into several groups:
Whole body computed tomography scans (i.e. CT scans) frequently find enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes (i.e. lymph nodes attached to the intestinal mesentery) and may show evidence of liver, spleen, and/or other organ involvement in cases which are advancing or have advanced to a malignant lymphoma.
On its way, the fluid passes through the lymph nodes, small nodular organs located throughout the body but concentrated in certain areas such as the armpits or groin. These lymph nodes are also known as glands or lymphoid tissue. If they detect something foreign passing through them, they enlarge. This is called lymphadenopathy or swollen glands.
Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a subtype of Castleman disease (also known as giant lymph node hyperplasia, lymphoid hamartoma, or angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia), a group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by lymph node enlargement, characteristic features on microscopic analysis of enlarged lymph node tissue, and a range of symptoms and clinical findings.
Lymph nodes become inflamed or enlarged in various diseases, which may range from trivial throat infections to life-threatening cancers. The condition of lymph nodes is very important in cancer staging, which decides the treatment to be used and determines the prognosis. Lymphadenopathy refers to glands that are enlarged or swollen. When ...
However, it is not specific and can be found in other conditions such as mesenteric oedema, lymphedema, haemorrhage, and presence of neoplastic and inflammatory cells must be excluded. Mesenteric lymph nodes are rarely larger than 10 mm in sclerosing mesenteritis. Larger lymph nodes should prompt further investigations with PET scan or biopsy. [7]
There are many possible causes of mediastinal lymphadenopathy, including: Tuberculosis; Sarcoidosis; Lung cancer/oesophageal cancer; Lymphangitis carcinomatosa; Cystic fibrosis