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Prostacyclin is produced in endothelial cells, which line the walls of arteries and veins, [14] from prostaglandin H 2 (PGH 2) by the action of the enzyme prostacyclin synthase. Although prostacyclin is considered an independent mediator, it is called PGI 2 (prostaglandin I 2 ) in eicosanoid nomenclature, and is a member of the prostanoids ...
The following is a comparison of different types of prostaglandin, including prostaglandin I 2 (prostacyclin; PGI 2), prostaglandin D 2 (PGD 2), prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2), and prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α). [19]
In molecular biology, prostanoids are active lipid mediators that regulate inflammatory response.Prostanoids are a subclass of eicosanoids consisting of the prostaglandins (mediators of inflammatory and anaphylactic reactions), the thromboxanes (mediators of vasoconstriction), and the prostacyclins (active in the resolution phase of inflammation). [1]
Prostaglandin receptors or prostanoid receptors represent a sub-class of cell surface membrane receptors that are regarded as the primary receptors for one or more of the classical, naturally occurring prostanoids viz., prostaglandin D2, (i.e. PGD2), PGE2, PGF2alpha, prostacyclin (PGI2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and PGH2. [1]
Prostacyclin signaling also leads to anti-thrombotic, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Levels of cAMP (which mediates most of the biological effects of prostacyclin) are reduced by phosphodiesterases 3 and 4. [49] [50] The vasoconstrictor thromboxane is also synthesized from arachidonic acid. In PAH, the balance is shifted away ...
Activin β A and β B are identical to the two beta subunits of inhibin. A fifth subunit, activin β D, has been described in Xenopus laevis. Two activin β A subunits give rise to activin A, one β A, and one β B subunit gives rise to activin AB, and so on. Various, but not all theoretically possible, heterodimers have been described.
There are three activins: Activin A, Activin B and Activin AB. Activins are involved in embryogenesis and osteogenesis. They also regulate many hormones including pituitary, gonadal and hypothalamic hormones as well as insulin. They are also nerve cell survival factors. The BMPs bind to the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 (BMPR2).
The prostacyclin receptor, also termed the prostaglandin I 2 receptor or just IP, is a receptor belonging to the prostaglandin (PG) group of receptors. IP binds to and mediates the biological actions of prostacyclin (also termed prostaglandin I 2 , PGI 2 , or when used as a drug, epoprostenol).
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