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Several billion kilograms of chlorinated methanes are produced annually, mainly by chlorination of methane: CH 4 + x Cl 2 → CH 4−x Cl x + x HCl. The most important is dichloromethane, which is mainly used as a solvent. Chloromethane is a precursor to chlorosilanes and silicones.
A smaller amount of chloromethane is produced by treating a mixture of methane with chlorine at elevated temperatures. This method, however, also produces more highly chlorinated compounds such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. For this reason, methane chlorination is usually only practiced when these other products are ...
The bond angle for a symmetric tetrahedral molecule such as CH 4 may be calculated using the dot product of two vectors. As shown in the diagram at left, the molecule can be inscribed in a cube with the tetravalent atom (e.g. carbon) at the cube centre which is the origin of coordinates, O. The four monovalent atoms (e.g. hydrogens) are at four ...
The chloroform molecule can be viewed as a methane molecule with three hydrogen atoms replaced with three chlorine atoms, leaving a single hydrogen atom. The name "chloroform" is a portmanteau of terchloride (tertiary chloride, a trichloride) and formyle, an obsolete name for the methylylidene radical (CH) derived from formic acid. [citation ...
[1] [2] [3] Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, a Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. [4] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.
Trichlorofluoromethane was first widely used as a refrigerant.Because of its high boiling point compared to most refrigerants, it can be used in systems with a low operating pressure, making the mechanical design of such systems less demanding than that of higher-pressure refrigerants R-12 or R-22.
A radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from methane, leaving a primary methyl radical. The methyl radical then abstracts Cl • from Cl 2 to give the desired product and another chlorine radical. Methane chlorination: propagation The radical will then participate in another propagation reaction: the radical chain. Other products such as CH 2 Cl 2 ...
trichloromethane 67-66-3 chloroform: R-20, methyl trichloride CHBrCl 2: bromodichloromethane 75-27-4 bromodichloromethane: dichlorobromomethane, BDCM CHBr 2 Cl dibromochloromethane 124-48-1 dibromochloromethane: chlorodibromomethane, CDBM CHBr 3: tribromomethane 75-25-2 bromoform: methyl tribromide CHI 3: triiodomethane 75-47-8 iodoform: methyl ...