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During the first 75 years of the 20th century, forestry in Ireland was almost exclusively carried out by the state. By 1985, forest and woodland cover was approximately 420,000 hectares. Upon the first arrival of humans in Ireland around 12,500 years ago, the entire island was predominantly covered in a blanket of thick woodland.
As of 2017, total tree cover in the Republic of Ireland stood at 11% of land area [52] but the figure for native forest stood at just 2% in 2018, the third lowest in Europe, behind Iceland and Malta. [53] Of the 172 countries assessed, Ireland has the sixth most degraded forest landscape in the world. [54]
The best wood has a straight, circular stem without a spiral grain or fluting, and small, evenly spaced branches. The chances of achieving these are maximised by planting good-quality seed in the best possible growing environment. [38] Tree breeding programmes, to ensure the best seed, are hampered by the trees' long life-cycles.
In the Scots Highlands, a "deer forest" generally has no trees at all. Marshlands in Lincolnshire were afforested. [9] Upland moors too were chosen, such as Dartmoor and Exmoor in the South West, and the Peak Forest of Derbyshire. The North Yorkshire moors, a sandstone plateau, had a number of royal forests. [8]
An endemic species is a plant only native to a certain area. Outside this area, unless spread naturally it is considered non-native, usually as a result of cultivation. Britain and Ireland have few endemic trees, most being micro-species of Whitebeam. But there are some interesting endemic trees nevertheless.
In addition, the islands have wheatears, rock pipits and fulmars. Lapwing breed on the island and peregrine falcons hunt for prey. There is evidence of rabbits on the island. The islands have no trees and are composed almost entirely of machair with outcrops of rock. They are crisscrossed by a number of stone walls that provide some shelter for ...
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The majority of these fragments occur on steep-sided slopes above rivers and lakes which have avoided clearance and intensive grazing pressure. There are notable examples in Ireland especially along its western coast, including the Beara Rainforest in West Cork , [ 1 ] the Great Forest of Aughty in Clare and Galway , Oldhead Wood in Mayo and ...