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In practice, the internal resistance of a battery is dependent on its size, state of charge, chemical properties, age, temperature, and the discharge current. It has an electronic component due to the resistivity of the component materials and an ionic component due to electrochemical factors such as electrolyte conductivity , ion mobility ...
In this type the resistance varies with the applied voltage or current. Negative resistance vs positive resistance: If the I–V curve has a positive slope (increasing to the right) throughout, it represents a positive resistance. An I–V curve that is nonmonotonic (having peaks and valleys) represents a device which has negative resistance.
A circuit diagram representing an analog circuit, in this case a simple amplifier. Analog electronic circuits are those in which current or voltage may vary continuously with time to correspond to the information being represented. A simple schematic showing wires, a resistor, and a battery
A more refined model also includes a resistance in series with the voltage source to represent the battery's internal resistance (which results in the battery heating and the voltage dropping when in use). A current source in parallel may be added to represent its leakage (which discharges the battery over a long period).
Common circuit diagram symbols (US ANSI symbols) An electronic symbol is a pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic devices or functions, such as wires, batteries, resistors, and transistors, in a schematic diagram of an electrical or electronic circuit. These symbols are largely standardized internationally today, but may ...
The equivalent-circuit model is used to simulate the voltage at the cell terminals when an electric current is applied to discharge or recharge it. The most common circuital representation consists of three elements in series: a variable voltage source, representing the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of the cell, a resistor representing ohmic internal resistance of the cell and a set of resistor ...
Internal resistance is a concept that helps model the electrical consequences of the complex chemical reactions inside a battery. It is impossible to directly measure the internal resistance of a battery, but it can be calculated from current and voltage data measured from a circuit.
Simplified model for powering a load with resistance R L by a source with voltage V S and resistance R S.. The theorem was originally misunderstood (notably by Joule [4]) to imply that a system consisting of an electric motor driven by a battery could not be more than 50% efficient, since the power dissipated as heat in the battery would always be equal to the power delivered to the motor when ...