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A medical triad is a group of three signs or symptoms, the result of injury to three organs, which characterise a specific medical condition. The appearance of all three signs conjoined together in another patient, points to that the patient has the same medical condition, or diagnosis.
In mammals, triads are typically located at the A-I junction; [1] that is, the junction between the A and I bands of the sarcomere, which is the smallest unit of a muscle fiber. Triads form the anatomical basis of excitation-contraction coupling , whereby a stimulus excites the muscle and causes it to contract.
An example of a triad is Meltzer's triad presenting purpura a rash, arthralgia painful joints, and myalgia painful and weak muscles. Meltzer's triad indicates the condition cryoglobulinemia. Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by a triad of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric signs and symptoms. [31]
In medicine, Garrod's tetrad is a term named for British physician Archibald Garrod, who introduced the phrase "inborn errors of metabolism" in a lecture in 1908. [ 1 ] The tetrad comprises four inherited metabolic diseases : albinism , alkaptonuria , cystinuria , and pentosuria .
Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Pages in category "Medical triads" ... List of medical triads, tetrads, and pentads;
Eponymous medical signs are those that are named after a person or persons, usually the physicians who first described them, but occasionally named after a famous patient. This list includes other eponymous entities of diagnostic significance; i.e. tests, reflexes, etc.
Beck's triad is a collection of three medical signs associated with acute cardiac tamponade, a medical emergency when excessive fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac around the heart and impairs its ability to pump blood. The signs are low arterial blood pressure, distended neck veins, and distant, muffled heart sounds. [1]
In radiology, Garland's triad (also known as the 1-2-3 sign) is the concurrence of reasonably symmetrical bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and right paratracheal lymphadenopathy seen on a chest radiograph. [1] These features are suggestive of thoracic sarcoidosis. [2]