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The distance (or perpendicular distance) from a point to a line is the shortest distance from a fixed point to any point on a fixed infinite line in Euclidean geometry. It is the length of the line segment which joins the point to the line and is perpendicular to the line. The formula for calculating it can be derived and expressed in several ways.
The definition of the Hausdorff distance can be derived by a series of natural extensions of the distance function (,) in the underlying metric space M, as follows: [7] Define a distance function between any point x of M and any non-empty set Y of M by: (,) = {(,)}.
Formulas for computing distances between different types of objects include: The distance from a point to a line, in the Euclidean plane [7] The distance from a point to a plane in three-dimensional Euclidean space [7] The distance between two lines in three-dimensional Euclidean space [8]
Vincenty's formulae are two related iterative methods used in geodesy to calculate the distance between two points on the surface of a spheroid, developed by Thaddeus Vincenty (1975a). They are based on the assumption that the figure of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, and hence are more accurate than methods that assume a spherical Earth, such ...
Because the lines are parallel, the perpendicular distance between them is a constant, so it does not matter which point is chosen to measure the distance. Given the equations of two non-vertical parallel lines = + = +, the distance between the two lines is the distance between the two intersection points of these lines with the perpendicular ...
In mathematics, a spherical coordinate system specifies a given point in three-dimensional space by using a distance and two angles as its three coordinates. These are the radial distance r along the line connecting the point to a fixed point called the origin; the polar angle θ between this radial line and a given polar axis; [a] and
A diagram illustrating great-circle distance (drawn in red) between two points on a sphere, P and Q. Two antipodal points, u and v are also shown. The great-circle distance, orthodromic distance, or spherical distance is the distance between two points on a sphere, measured along the great-circle arc between them. This arc is the shortest path ...
The distance is measured by a function called a metric or distance function. [1] Metric spaces are the most general setting for studying many of the concepts of mathematical analysis and geometry . The most familiar example of a metric space is 3-dimensional Euclidean space with its usual notion of distance.