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Height above average terrain (HAAT), or (less popularly) effective height above average terrain (EHAAT), is the vertical position of an antenna site above the surrounding landscape. HAAT is used extensively in FM radio and television, as it is more important than effective radiated power (ERP) in determining the range of broadcasts (VHF and UHF ...
Height above ground level. In aviation, atmospheric sciences and broadcasting, a height above ground level (AGL[1] or HAGL) is a height measured with respect to the underlying ground surface. This is as opposed to height above mean sea level (AMSL or HAMSL), height above ellipsoid (HAE, as reported by a GPS receiver), or height above average ...
In radio communication, a ground dipole, [ 1] also referred to as an earth dipole antenna, transmission line antenna, [ 1] and in technical literature as a horizontal electric dipole ( HED ), [ 1][ 2][ 3] is a huge, specialized type of radio antenna that radiates extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves. [ 4][ 5] It is the only type ...
An NVIS antenna configuration is a horizontally polarized (parallel with the surface of the earth) radiating element that is from 1 / 20 th wavelength to 1 / 4 wave above the ground. The optimum height of such an antenna is about 1 / 4 wavelength, and high angle radiation declines only slightly for heights up to about ...
The radar horizon is a critical area of performance for aircraft detection systems, defined by the distance at which the radar beam rises enough above the Earth 's surface to make detection of a target at the lowest level possible. It is associated with the low elevation region of performance, and its geometry depends on terrain, radar height ...
The G5RV antenna is a dipole with a symmetric resonant [1] ... the height of the G5RV above the ground should be at least half of the longest wavelength to be used. [1]
A rhombic antenna consists of one to several parallel wires suspended above the ground in a "rhombus" (diamond) shape. Long versions are typically supported by a pole or tower at each vertex to which the wires are attached by insulators. Each of the four sides is the same length. The length is not critical, typically from one to two wavelengths ...
Antenna measurement techniques refers to the testing of antennas to ensure that the antenna meets specifications or simply to characterize it. Typical parameters of antennas are gain, bandwidth, radiation pattern, beamwidth, polarization, and impedance. The antenna pattern is the response of the antenna to a plane wave incident from a given ...