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Ontology. Ontology is the philosophical study of being. As one of the most fundamental concepts, being encompasses all of reality and every entity within it. To articulate the basic structure of being, ontology examines what all entities have in common and how they are divided into fundamental classes, known as categories.
Ontology (information science) In information science, an ontology encompasses a representation, formal naming, and definitions of the categories, properties, and relations between the concepts, data, or entities that pertain to one, many, or all domains of discourse. More simply, an ontology is a way of showing the properties of a subject area ...
Common components of ontologies include: instances or objects (the basic or "ground level" objects; the tokens). sets, collections, concepts, types of objects, or kinds of things. [1] aspects, properties, features, characteristics, or parameters that individuals (and classes and relations) can have. [2]
Example of a constructed MBED Top Level Ontology based on the nominal set of views. [1]In computer science, information science and systems engineering, ontology engineering is a field which studies the methods and methodologies for building ontologies, which encompasses a representation, formal naming and definition of the categories, properties and relations between the concepts, data and ...
Upper ontology. In information science, an upper ontology (also known as a top-level ontology, upper model, or foundation ontology) is an ontology (in the sense used in information science) that consists of very general terms (such as "object", "property", "relation") that are common across all domains.
Applied ontology is the application of Ontology for practical purposes. This can involve employing ontological methods or resources to specific domains, [1] such as management, relationships, biomedicine, information science or geography. [2][3] Alternatively, applied ontology can aim more generally at developing improved methodologies for ...
Basic Formal Ontology. Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is a top-level ontology developed by Barry Smith and his associates for the purposes of promoting interoperability among domain ontologies built in its terms through a process of downward population. A guide to building BFO-conformant domain ontologies was published by MIT Press in 2015.
Ontology features in the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy from the first millennium BCE. [ 7] Samkhya philosophy regards the universe as consisting of two independent realities: puruṣa (pure, contentless consciousness) and prakṛti (matter). The substance dualism between puruṣa and prakṛti is similar but not identical to the substance ...