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  2. Anesthesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia

    Anesthesia. Anesthesia (American English) or anaesthesia (British English) is a state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical or veterinary purposes. It may include some or all of analgesia (relief from or prevention of pain), paralysis (muscle relaxation), amnesia (loss of memory), and unconsciousness.

  3. General anaesthesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_anaesthesia

    General anaesthesia (UK) or general anesthesia (US) is a method of medically inducing loss of consciousness that renders a patient unarousable even with painful stimuli. [5] This effect is achieved by administering either intravenous or inhalational general anaesthetic medications, which often act in combination with an analgesic and ...

  4. Postoperative nausea and vomiting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postoperative_nausea_and...

    Anesthesia. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the phenomenon of nausea, vomiting, or retching experienced by a patient in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) or within 24 hours following a surgical procedure. PONV affects about 10% of the population undergoing general anaesthesia each year. PONV can be unpleasant and lead to a delay ...

  5. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postoperative_cognitive...

    The body's inflammatory response to surgery likely plays an important role, at least in elderly patients. Various research initiatives during recent years have evaluated whether actions taken before, during and after surgery can lessen the possible deleterious effects of inflammation. For example, anti-inflammatory agents can be given before ...

  6. Anesthesiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesiology

    Anesthesiology or anaesthesiology is the medical specialty concerned with the total perioperative care of patients before, during and after surgery. [1] It encompasses anesthesia, intensive care medicine, critical emergency medicine, and pain medicine. [2] A physician specialized in anesthesiology is called an anesthesiologist ...

  7. ASA physical status classification system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASA_physical_status...

    assess individual fitness prior to surgery. The ASA physical status classification system is a system for assessing the fitness of patients before surgery. In 1963 the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) adopted the five-category physical status classification system; a sixth category was later added. These are:

  8. Surgical stress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgical_stress

    Surgical stress is the systemic response to surgical injury and is characterized by activation of the sympathetic nervous system, endocrine responses as well as immunological and haematological changes. [1][2][3][4][5] Measurement of surgical stress is used in anaesthesia, physiology and surgery. Analysis of the surgical stress response can be ...

  9. Balanced anesthesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_anesthesia

    The depth of anesthesia can be changed and recovered if some unexpected situation occurs during surgery. [12] Although inhaled anesthetics will cause an unconscious state in which cats and dogs will not recall or perceive pain, the depth of anesthesia may not prevent the variety of reflex reactions to harmful stimuli during the operation. [12]