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Urinalysis is one of the most commonly performed medical laboratory tests. [12] It is frequently used to help diagnose urinary tract infections [13] and to investigate other issues with the urinary system, such as incontinence. [14] It may be used to screen for diseases as part of a medical assessment.
It is especially recommended when blood in the urine has been detected. Urine typically contains epithelial cells shed from the urinary tract, and urine cytology evaluates this urinary sediment for the presence of cancerous cells [ 2 ] [ 3 ] from the lining of the urinary tract, and it is a convenient noninvasive technique for follow-up ...
The most common type of cast, hyaline casts are solidified Tamm–Horsfall mucoprotein secreted from the tubular epithelial cells of individual nephrons. Low urine flow, concentrated urine, or an acidic environment can contribute to the formation of hyaline casts, and as such, they may be seen in normal individuals in dehydration or vigorous exercise.
A sample of urine sediment from a patient suffering from a urinary infection, it is possible to see leukocytes (small round and granular), erythrocytes (small round and biconcave) and epithelial cells (large and polyhedral). The test for leukocyte esterase is indicative and does not replace microscopic examination of urine.
Acute tubular necrosis is classified as a "renal" (i.e. not pre-renal or post-renal) cause of acute kidney injury. Diagnosis is made by a FENa (fractional excretion of sodium) > 3% and presence of muddy casts (a type of granular cast) in urinalysis. On histopathology, there is usually tubulorrhexis, that is, localized necrosis of the epithelial ...
Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels, high blood lipids, and significant swelling. Other symptoms may include weight gain, feeling tired, and foamy urine. Complications may include blood clots, infections, and high blood pressure.
A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system, and specimens are easy to obtain. [1] Common urine tests include the routine urinalysis, which examines the ...
Facet cell. Facet cells (also known as umbrella cells, [1] capping cells, superficial urotheliocytes) are a type of cells located in the renal pelvis, the ureters,and the urethra. Umbrella cells form the outermost layer of the urothelium, which is a special type of epithelium found in the renal pelvis, the ureters, and the urethra.