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Unknown artist. 1890s. Two-up is a traditional Australian gambling game, involving a designated "spinner" throwing two coins, usually Australian pennies, into the air. Players bet on whether the coins will both fall with heads (obverse) up, both with tails (reverse) up, or with a head and one a tail (known as "Ewan").
Spin (physics) Spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, and thus by composite particles such as hadrons, atomic nuclei, and atoms. [1][2]: 183 –184 Spin is quantized, and accurate models for the interaction with spin require relativistic quantum mechanics or quantum field theory.
e. In probability theory, the sample space (also called sample description space, [1] possibility space, [2] or outcome space[3]) of an experiment or random trial is the set of all possible outcomes or results of that experiment. [4] A sample space is usually denoted using set notation, and the possible ordered outcomes, or sample points, [5 ...
A teetotum (or T-totum) is a form of spinning top most commonly used for gambling games. It has a polygonal body marked with letters or numbers, which indicate the result of each spin. [1][2] Usage goes back to (at least) ancient Greeks and Romans, with the popular put and take gambling version going back to medieval times. [2] A perinola is a ...
In probability theory and statistics, a collection of random variables is independent and identically distributed if each random variable has the same probability distribution as the others and all are mutually independent. [1] This property is usually abbreviated as i.i.d., iid, or IID. IID was first defined in statistics and finds application ...
t. e. Given two random variables that are defined on the same probability space, [1] the joint probability distribution is the corresponding probability distribution on all possible pairs of outputs. The joint distribution can just as well be considered for any given number of random variables. The joint distribution encodes the marginal ...
In quantum field theory, the Dirac spinor is the spinor that describes all known fundamental particles that are fermions, with the possible exception of neutrinos.It appears in the plane-wave solution to the Dirac equation, and is a certain combination of two Weyl spinors, specifically, a bispinor that transforms "spinorially" under the action of the Lorentz group.
v. t. e. In probability theory, an event is a set of outcomes of an experiment (a subset of the sample space) to which a probability is assigned. [1] A single outcome may be an element of many different events, [2] and different events in an experiment are usually not equally likely, since they may include very different groups of outcomes. [3 ...