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Two of them were the first cardinal-electors from their churches to participate in a papal conclave: Maronite Patriarch Bechara Boutros al-Rahi [d] [47] and Syro-Malankara Major-Archbishop Baselios Cleemis, the first bishop from the Syro-Malankara Church to be created cardinal. [48] [e] Two cardinal electors did not attend the conclave.
The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence: [1]. Cardinal bishops (CB): the six cardinals who are assigned the titles of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome by the pope, [a] plus a few other cardinals who have been exceptionally co-opted into the order, [9] [10] as well as patriarchs who head one of the Eastern ...
This is the order in which the cardinal electors process into the conclave, take the oath and cast their ballots. [1] For cardinal bishops, except the Eastern Catholic patriarchs , the dean is first in precedence , followed by the vice-dean and then by the rest in order of appointment as cardinal bishops.
By the papacy of Sixtus V (1585–1590), the number was set at seventy on 3 December 1586, divided among fourteen cardinal-deacons, fifty cardinal-priests, and six cardinal-bishops. [ 5 ] Popes respected that limit until Pope John XXIII increased the number of cardinals several times to 88 in January 1961 [ 15 ] and Pope Paul VI continued this ...
The cardinal bishops were to meet first and discuss the candidates before summoning the cardinal priests and cardinal deacons for the actual vote. [14] The Second Council of the Lateran in 1139 removed the requirement for obtaining the assent of the lower clergy and the laity, [ 15 ] while the Third Council of the Lateran in 1179 gave equal ...
Each of Francis' consistories has increased the number of cardinal electors from at or less than the set limit of 120 [b] to a number higher than 120, as high as 140 in 2024, surpassing the record 135 set by Pope John Paul II in 2001 and 2003. [2] Since 2 June 2023, two-thirds of the cardinal electors have been cardinals created by Francis. [3]
[7] [8] When Brown took office, he was dismayed to discover that under California law, approximately 360 boards, commissions, and agencies all reported directly to the governor, and proposed his "super-agency" plan (then spelled with a hyphen) in February 1961 to impose order on such chaos. [9]
Elections in the United States are held for government officials at the federal, state, and local levels. At the federal level, the nation's head of state, the president, is elected indirectly by the people of each state, through an Electoral College. Today, these electors almost always vote with the popular vote of their state.