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  2. Topological insulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_insulator

    [38] [39] The surface states of a 3D topological insulator is a new type of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) where the electron's spin is locked to its linear momentum. [31] Fully bulk-insulating or intrinsic 3D topological insulator states exist in Bi-based materials as demonstrated in surface transport measurements. [40]

  3. Periodic table of topological insulators and topological ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_of...

    It indicates the mathematical group for the topological invariant of the topological insulators and topological superconductors, given a dimension and discrete symmetry class. [1] The ten possible discrete symmetry families are classified according to three main symmetries: particle-hole symmetry , time-reversal symmetry and chiral symmetry .

  4. Plexciton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plexciton

    Topological plexcitons make use of the properties of TIs to achieve similar control over the direction of current flow. [3] Plexcitons were found to emerge from an organic molecular layer (excitons) and a metallic film (plasmons). Dirac cones appeared in the plexcitons' two-dimensional band-structure. An external magnetic field created a gap ...

  5. Dirac matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_matter

    A topological insulator is a material that behaves as an insulator in its interior (bulk) but whose surface contains conducting states. This property represents a non-trivial, symmetry protected topological order. As a consequence, electrons in topological insulators can only move along the surface of the material.

  6. Dirac cone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_cone

    In physics, Dirac cones are features that occur in some electronic band structures that describe unusual electron transport properties of materials like graphene and topological insulators. [1] [2] [3] In these materials, at energies near the Fermi level, the valence band and conduction band take the shape of the upper and lower halves of a ...

  7. Quantum spin Hall effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_spin_Hall_effect

    Two-dimensional topological insulators (also known as the quantum spin Hall insulators) with one-dimensional helical edge states were predicted in 2006 by Bernevig, Hughes and Zhang to occur in quantum wells (very thin layers) of mercury telluride sandwiched between cadmium telluride, [7] and were observed in 2007.

  8. College Football Playoff first-round picks, predictions. Who ...

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    Ten years after the first College Football Playoff, we finally get the full experience of an expanded field of 12.Instead of just two semifinals and a championship game, we get three games spread ...

  9. Edge states - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_states

    Schematic for illustration of edge states in typical two-dimensional material. The conduction band (CB), edge states (ES) and valence band (VB) are characterized by positive, zero and negative energy eigenvalues.

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