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  2. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Tunneling...

    A PPTP tunnel is instantiated by communication to the peer on TCP port 1723. This TCP connection is then used to initiate and manage a GRE tunnel to the same peer. The PPTP GRE packet format is non standard, including a new acknowledgement number field replacing the typical routing field in the GRE header. However, as in a normal GRE connection ...

  3. Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Socket_Tunneling...

    SSTP was introduced in 2007 [3] and available on Windows Vista SP1 and later, in RouterOS since version 5.0, and in SEIL since its firmware version 3.50. It is fully integrated with the RRAS architecture in these operating systems, allowing its use with Winlogon or smart-card authentication, remote-access policies and the Windows VPN client. [4]

  4. Split tunneling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_tunneling

    Split tunneling is a computer networking concept which allows a user to access dissimilar security domains like a public network (e.g., the Internet) and a local area network or wide area network at the same time, using the same or different network connections.

  5. Tunneling protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunneling_protocol

    In computer networks, a tunneling protocol is a communication protocol which allows for the movement of data from one network to another. They can, for example, allow private network communications to be sent across a public network (such as the Internet), or for one network protocol to be carried over an incompatible network, through a process called encapsulation.

  6. Hole punching (networking) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hole_punching_(networking)

    When an outbound connection from a private endpoint passes through a firewall, it receives a public endpoint (public IP address and port number), and the firewall translates traffic between them. Until the connection is closed, the client and server communicate through the public endpoint, and the firewall directs traffic appropriately.

  7. IP in IP - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_in_IP

    IP in IP is an IP tunneling protocol that encapsulates one IP packet in another IP packet. To encapsulate an IP packet in another IP packet, an outer header is added with Source IP, the entry point of the tunnel, and Destination IP, the exit point of the tunnel.

  8. Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locator/Identifier...

    Endpoint ID (EID): An EID is an IPv4 or IPv6 address used in the source and destination address fields of the first (most inner) LISP header of a packet. Egress Tunnel Router (ETR) : An ETR is a device that is the tunnel endpoint; it accepts an IP packet where the destination address in the "outer" IP header is one of its own RLOCs.

  9. Proxy server - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server

    By comparing the sequence of network hops reported by a tool such as traceroute for a proxied protocol such as HTTP (port 80) with that for a non-proxied protocol such as SMTP (port 25). [23] By attempting to make a connection to an IP address at which there is known to be no server. The proxy will accept the connection and then attempt to ...