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Unlike the cranial epidural space, the spinal epidural space contains adipose tissue, the internal vertebral venous plexuses and the spinal nerve roots. [1] The spinal epidural space spans the length of the spinal cord, from the foramen magnum superiorly to the sacral hiatus inferiorly. [6] Epidural space is the smallest at the cervical region ...
For epidural anesthesia an anesthetic agent is injected into the space just outside the thecal sac and diffuses through the dura to the nerve roots where they exit the thecal sac. [4] [5] For spinal anaesthesia in general, an injection can be given intrathecally into the subarachnoid space, or into the spinal canal.
Medical intervention Epidural administration A freshly inserted lumbar epidural catheter. The site has been prepared with tincture of iodine, and the dressing has not yet been applied. Depth markings may be seen along the shaft of the catheter. ICD-9-CM 03.90 MeSH D000767 OPS-301 code 8-910 [edit on Wikidata] Epidural administration (from Ancient Greek ἐπί, "upon" + dura mater) is a method ...
The internal vertebral venous plexuses (intraspinal veins) lie within the vertebral canal in the epidural space, [1] [2] embedded within epidural fat. [2] [3] They receive tributaries from bones, red bone marrow, and spinal cord. They are arranged into four interconnected, vertically oriented vessels - two situated anteriorly, and two ...
The dura mater covering the spinal cord is known as the dural sac or thecal sac, and only has one layer (the meningeal layer) unlike cranial dura mater. The potential space between these two layers is known as the epidural space, [5] which can accumulate blood in the case of traumatic laceration to the meningeal arteries.
The filum terminale is situated centrally [2] amid the spinal nerve roots of the cauda equina [3] [2] (but is not itself a part of the cauda equina [2]).. The inferior-most spinal nerve, the coccygeal nerve, leaves the spinal cord at the level of the conus medullaris via respective vertebrae through their intervertebral foramina, superior to the filum terminale.
The epidural venous plexus is a venous plexus embedded within the epidural fat of the vertebral canal. [1] It is situated within the anterior epidural space (the outermost part of the spinal canal). The plexus extends from the skull base to the sacrum. It is surrounded by sparse fat (although its levels increase inferiorly).
Schematic drawing showing the principles of spinal anaesthesia. Epidural anaesthesia is a technique whereby a local anaesthetic drug is injected through a catheter placed into the epidural space. This technique is similar to spinal anaesthesia as both are neuraxial, and the two techniques may be easily confused with each other. Differences include: