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An exostosis, also known as a bone spur, is the formation of new bone on the surface of a bone. [1] Exostoses can cause chronic pain ranging from mild to debilitatingly severe, depending on the shape, size, and location of the lesion. It is most commonly found in places like the ribs, where small bone growths form, but sometimes larger growths ...
Hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), also known as hereditary multiple exostoses, is a disorder characterized by the development of multiple benign osteocartilaginous masses (exostoses) in relation to the ends of long bones of the lower limbs such as the femurs and tibias and of the upper limbs such as the humeri and forearm bones.
Osteophytes are exostoses (bony projections) that form along joint margins. [1] They should not be confused with enthesophytes, which are bony projections that form at the attachment of a tendon or ligament. [2] Osteophytes are not always distinguished from exostoses in any definite way, although in many cases there are a number of differences. [3]
New bone outgrowths, called "spurs" or osteophytes, can form on the margins of the joints, possibly in an attempt to improve the congruence of the articular cartilage surfaces in the absence of the menisci. The subchondral bone volume increases and becomes less mineralized (hypomineralization). [46] All these changes can cause problems functioning.
In traumatic heterotopic ossification (traumatic myositis ossificans), the patient may complain of a warm, tender, firm swelling in a muscle and decreased range of motion in the joint served by the muscle involved. There is often a history of a blow or other trauma to the area a few weeks to a few months earlier.
This morphology is typical of a tibial bone spur. Osteochondromas are benign lesions and do not affect life expectancy. [13] Complete excision of osteochondroma is curative and the reoccurrences take place when the removal of tumor is incomplete. Multiple reoccurrences in a well-excised lesion indicate that it may be malignant. [4]