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  2. Health effects of sunlight exposure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_sunlight...

    Exposure of skin to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight presents both positive and negative health effects. On the positive side, UV exposure enables the synthesis of vitamin D3, which is essential for bone health [1] and potentially plays a role in inhibiting certain cancers. [2][3] While vitamin D can also be obtained through dietary ...

  3. Vitamin D deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D_deficiency

    Vitamin D deficiency is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body. [1][7][2] One nanogram per millilitre (1 ng/mL) is equivalent to 2.5 nanomoles per litre (2.5 nmol/L). Severe deficiency: <12 ng/mL = <30 nmol/L[2] Deficiency ...

  4. Vitamin D toxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D_toxicity

    Vitamin D toxicity. Cholecalciferol (shown above) and ergocalciferol are the two major forms of vitamin D. Specialty. Endocrinology, toxicology. Vitamin D toxicity, or hypervitaminosis D, is the toxic state of an excess of vitamin D. The normal range for blood concentration in adults is 20 to 50 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL).

  5. Vitamin D and respiratory tract infections - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D_and_respiratory...

    Associations have been shown between vitamin D levels and several respiratory tract infections suggesting that vitamin D deficiency may predispose to infection. Outbreaks of respiratory infections occur predominantly during months associated with lower exposure to the sun. The Institute of Medicine concluded in a 2011 report that the existing ...

  6. Vitamin deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_deficiency

    Vitamin D deficiency: Usually asymptomatic, causes reduce bone density (osteomalacia), rickets, myopathy, and is associated with the development of schizophrenia. It is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in plasma, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body ...

  7. Rickets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickets

    The most common cause of rickets is a vitamin D deficiency, although hereditary genetic forms also exist. [2] This can result from eating a diet without enough vitamin D, dark skin, too little sun exposure, exclusive breastfeeding without vitamin D supplementation, celiac disease, and certain genetic conditions.

  8. Vitamin D - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D

    A diet insufficient in vitamin D, combined with inadequate sunlight exposure, can lead to vitamin D deficiency, which is defined as a blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25(OH)D level below 12 ng/mL (30 nmol/liter). Vitamin D insufficiency, on the other hand, is characterized by a blood 25(OH)D level between 12–20 ng/mL (30–50 nmol/liter).

  9. Autoimmune disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease

    An autoimmune disease is a condition that results from an anomalous response of the adaptive immune system, wherein it mistakenly targets and attacks healthy, functioning parts of the body as if they were foreign organisms. [1] It is estimated that there are more than 80 recognized autoimmune diseases, with recent scientific evidence suggesting ...