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An atomic clock is based on a system of atoms which may be in one of two possible energy states. A group of atoms in one state is prepared, then subjected to microwave radiation. If the radiation is of the correct frequency, a number of atoms will transition to the other energy state.
Department of Defense master clock. United States Naval Observatory. Washington, D.C. United States. 18 cesium atomic clocks and 4 hydrogen maser clocks. Cs, H. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. Koganei, Japan [ 13 ] Optical lattice clock.
WWVB is a time signal radio station near Fort Collins, Colorado and is operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). [1] Most radio-controlled clocks in North America [2] use WWVB's transmissions to set the correct time. The normal signal transmitted from WWVB is 70 kW ERP and uses a 60 kHz carrier wave yielding a ...
A chip scale atomic clock (CSAC) is a compact, low-power atomic clock fabricated using techniques of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and incorporating a low-power semiconductor laser as the light source. The first CSAC physics package was demonstrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2003, [1] based on an ...
Radio clock. A modern LF radio-controlled clock. A radio clock or radio-controlled clock (RCC), and often colloquially (and incorrectly [1]) referred to as an "atomic clock", is a type of quartz clock or watch that is automatically synchronized to a time code transmitted by a radio transmitter connected to a time standard such as an atomic clock.
The Hafele–Keating experiment was a test of the theory of relativity. In 1971, [1] Joseph C. Hafele, a physicist, and Richard E. Keating, an astronomer, took four caesium -beam atomic clocks aboard commercial airliners. They flew twice around the world, first eastward, then westward, and compared the clocks in motion to stationary clocks at ...
NIST-F1. NIST-F1 is a cesium fountain clock, a type of atomic clock, in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado, and serves as the United States' primary time and frequency standard. The clock took less than four years to test and build, and was developed by Steve Jefferts and Dawn Meekhof of the Time and ...
International Atomic Time. International Atomic Time (abbreviated TAI, from its French name temps atomique international[1]) is a high-precision atomic coordinate time standard based on the notional passage of proper time on Earth's geoid. [2] TAI is a weighted average of the time kept by over 450 atomic clocks in over 80 national laboratories ...