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Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings. [1] In psychology, the process of introspection relies on the observation of one's mental state, while in a spiritual context it may refer to the examination of one's soul. [2]
The introspection illusion is a cognitive bias in which people wrongly think they have direct insight into the origins of their mental states, while treating others' introspections as unreliable. The illusion has been examined in psychological experiments, and suggested as a basis for biases in how people compare themselves to others.
Edward B. Titchener is credited for the theory of structuralism. It is considered to be the first "school" of psychology. [3] [4] Because he was a student of Wilhelm Wundt at the University of Leipzig, Titchener's ideas on how the mind worked were heavily influenced by Wundt's theory of voluntarism and his ideas of association and apperception (the passive and active combinations of elements ...
In psychology, introjection (also known as identification or internalization) [1] is the unconscious adoption of the thoughts or personality traits of others. [2] It occurs as a normal part of development, such as a child taking on parental values and attitudes. It can also be a defense mechanism in situations that arouse anxiety. [2]
This suggests that introspection is instead an indirect, unreliable process of inference. [10] It has been argued that this "introspection illusion" underlies a number of perceived differences between the self and other people, because people trust these unreliable introspections when forming attitudes about themselves but not about others.
Cognitive science has provided theories of how the brain works, and these have been of great interest to researchers who work in the empirical fields of brain science.A fundamental question is whether cognitive functions, for example visual processing and language, are autonomous modules, or to what extent the functions depend on each other.
Self-awareness has been called "arguably the most fundamental issue in psychology, from both a developmental and an evolutionary perspective." [ 9 ] Self-awareness theory, developed by Duval and Wicklund in their 1972 landmark book A theory of objective self awareness , states that when we focus on ourselves, we evaluate and compare our current ...
In early psychology, it was believed that passion (emotion) was a part of the soul inherited from the animals and that it must be controlled. Solomon [ clarification needed ] identified that in the Romantic movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, reason and emotion were discovered to be opposites.