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The amount of electricity required to run a 1 W device for 1 s. The energy required to accelerate a 1 kg mass at 1 m/s 2 through a distance of 1 m. The kinetic energy of a 2 kg mass travelling at 1 m/s, or a 1 kg mass travelling at 1.41 m/s. The energy required to lift an apple up 1 m, assuming the apple has a mass of 101.97 g.
In physics and chemistry, it is common to measure energy on the atomic scale in the non-SI, but convenient, units electronvolts (eV). 1 eV is equivalent to the kinetic energy acquired by an electron in passing through a potential difference of 1 volt in a vacuum. It is common to use the SI magnitude prefixes (e.g. milli-, mega- etc) with ...
Therefore, one electronvolt is equal to 1.602 176 634 × 10 −19 J. [1] The electronvolt (eV) is a unit of energy, but is not an SI unit. It is a commonly used unit of energy within physics, widely used in solid state, atomic, nuclear and particle physics, and high-energy astrophysics.
In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs energy as the recommended name; symbol ) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum amount of work, other than pressure–volume work, that may be performed by a thermodynamically closed system at constant temperature and pressure.
kT (also written as k B T) is the product of the Boltzmann constant, k (or k B), and the temperature, T.This product is used in physics as a scale factor for energy values in molecular-scale systems (sometimes it is used as a unit of energy), as the rates and frequencies of many processes and phenomena depend not on their energy alone, but on the ratio of that energy and kT, that is, on E ...
The SI unit of electric potential energy is joule (named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule). In the CGS system the erg is the unit of energy, being equal to 10 −7 Joules. Also electronvolts may be used, 1 eV = 1.602×10 −19 Joules.
μ i is the electrochemical potential of species i, in J/mol, μ i is the chemical potential of the species i, in J/mol, z i is the valency (charge) of the ion i, a dimensionless integer, F is the Faraday constant, in C/mol, Φ is the local electrostatic potential in V. In the special case of an uncharged atom, z i = 0, and so μ i = μ i.
Specific energy or massic energy is energy per unit mass. It is also sometimes called gravimetric energy density , which is not to be confused with energy density , which is defined as energy per unit volume.