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The Avestan alphabet (Avestan: 𐬛𐬍𐬥 𐬛𐬀𐬠𐬌𐬭𐬫𐬵 transliteration: dīn dabiryªh, Middle Persian: transliteration: dyn' dpywryh, transcription: dēn dēbīrē, Persian: دین دبیره, romanized: din dabire) is a writing system developed during Iran's Sasanian era (226–651 CE) to render the Avestan language.
Also, the Avestan alphabet has one letter that has no corresponding sound in the Avestan language; the character for /l/ (a sound that Avestan does not have) was added to write Pazend texts. The Avestan script is alphabetic , and the large number of letters suggests that its design was due to the need to render the orally recited texts with ...
The primary elements (logogram(s) and translation) "are then transcribed interlinearly, and more or less corruptly, into Avestan letters, i.e., into Pāzand, whereby the heterograms appear in their traditional mnemonic pronunciation. Because of the ambiguity of the Pahlavi script this is often far removed from the original Aramaic spellings."
Old Persian cuneiform is a semi-alphabetic cuneiform script that was the primary script for Old Persian.Texts written in this cuneiform have been found in Iran (Persepolis, Susa, Hamadan, Kharg Island), Armenia, Romania (), [1] [2] [3] Turkey (Van Fortress), and along the Suez Canal. [4]
The Avesta (/ ə ˈ v ɛ s t ə /) is the primary collection of religious literature of Zoroastrianism, [1] in which all texts are composed in the Avestan language and are written in the Avestan alphabet. [2]
In the late 11th or early 12th century, Indian Zoroastrians (the Parsis) began translating Avestan or Middle Persian texts into Sanskrit and Gujarati. Some Middle Persian texts were also transcribed into the Avestan alphabet. The latter process, being a form of interpretation, was known as 'pa-zand'.
The formal coalescence of originally different letters caused ambiguity, and the letters became even less distinct when they formed part of a ligature. [12] In its later forms, attempts were made to improve the consonantary and reduce ambiguity through diacritic marks. Book Pahlavi continued to be in common use until about AD 900.
Avestan alphabet (Avst 134) – from Pahlavi, with added letters. Used for recording the Zoroastrian sacred texts during the Sassanid era. Hatran alphabet (Hatr 127), used to write the Aramaic of Hatra; Sogdian (Sogd 141 and Sogo 142) and Manichaean (Mani 139, associated with the Manichaean religion) – derived from Syriac. Sogdian eventually ...