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Avestan o is a special form of Pahlavi l that exists only in Aramaic signs. Some letters (e.g. ŋ́, ṇ, ẏ, v), are free inventions. [4] Avestan script, like Pahlavi script and Aramaic script also, is written from right to left. In Avestan script, letters are not connected, and ligatures are "rare and clearly of secondary origin". [3]
Avestan (/ ə ˈ v ɛ s t ən / ə-VESS-tən) [1] is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. [2] It was originally spoken during the Old Iranian period (c. 1500 – 400 BCE) [3] [f 1] by the Iranians living in the eastern portion of Greater Iran.
Most of the Avestan corpus is composed in Young Avestan. These texts originated in a later stage of the Avestan period separated from the Old Avestan time by several centuries. [ 29 ] Due to a number of geographical references , there is a wide consensus that they were composed in the eastern portion of Greater Iran . [ 30 ]
In the late 11th or early 12th century, Indian Zoroastrians (the Parsis) began translating Avestan or Middle Persian texts into Sanskrit and Gujarati. Some Middle Persian texts were also transcribed into the Avestan alphabet. The latter process, being a form of interpretation, was known as 'pa-zand'.
Created Date: 8/30/2012 4:52:52 PM
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) ... Unicode chart Avestan}} provides a list of Unicode code points in the Avestan block. Usage
Avestan ṣ̌ continues Indo-Iranian *-rt-.Its phonetic value and its phonological status (one or two phonemes) are somewhat unclear. The conditions under which change from -rt-to -ṣ̌-occurs are fundamentally ill-defined, though it is likely to occur if the preceding vowel is accented.
The Avestan alphabet, developed during the Sassanid Empire, was derived from the Pahlavi alphabet and remained one of the most phonologically sophisticated alphabets until the modern period. The Zoroastrian liturgies until that point had been orally transmitted, and the ability to set these ancient texts in writing helped to preserve them. [ 1 ]