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The main disadvantage however, is that patients can be allergic to penicillin based materials with a severe anaphylactic reaction occurring. Despite this, it is still commonly used due to it being highly cost effective and relatively safe. Alternative antibiotics include Erythromycin, cephalosporin and several others. [11]
The so-called delabeling of penicillin allergies, doctors say, would have major health impacts: faster and more effective treatments for people who have spent their lives avoiding penicillin and ...
The antimicrobial spectrum of macrolides is slightly wider than that of penicillin, and, therefore, macrolides are a common substitute for patients with a penicillin allergy. Beta-hemolytic streptococci , pneumococci , staphylococci , and enterococci are usually susceptible to macrolides.
In many instances of staphylococcal infections, such as bacteremia, cefazolin is an alternative to penicillin in patients who are allergic to penicillin. [9] However, there is still potential for a reaction to occur with cefazolin and other cephalosporins in patients allergic to penicillin. [ 8 ]
Lincosamides are often used clinically as an alternative antibiotic for patients who are allergic to penicillin. Of the lincosamides, clindamycin is most commonly used within the clinic due to its higher bioavailability, higher oral absorption and efficacy within the target organism spectrum. [ 23 ]
Cefalexin is a useful alternative to penicillins in patients with penicillin intolerance. For example, penicillin is the treatment of choice for respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus , but cefalexin may be used as an alternative in penicillin-intolerant patients. [ 4 ]
A variant of Polysporin, called Polysporin Triple Ointment, replaces neomycin with gramicidin, providing an alternative for those allergic to neomycin while still offering broad-spectrum coverage against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. [19]
Aztreonam can be safely used in people with a penicillin or cephalosporin allergy (except for people with a ceftazidime allergy as ceftazidime and aztreonam share a similar side chain). [13] It is also frequently used as an alternative to aminoglycosides because is not ototoxic or nephrotoxic. [14]