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  2. George William Septimus Piesse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_William_Septimus_Piesse

    George William Septimus Piesse (30 May 1820 – 23 October 1882), known as Septimus Piesse, was an English chemist and perfumer.Piesse was a leading author and innovator of modern perfume ideas, inventing the concept of notes in perfumery that are still used universally today.

  3. History of perfume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_perfume

    The first modern perfume, made of scented oils blended in an alcohol solution, was made in 1370 at the command of Queen Elizabeth of Hungary and was known throughout Europe as Hungary Water. The art of perfumery prospered in Renaissance Italy, and in the 16th century, Italian refinements were taken to France by Catherine de' Medici's personal ...

  4. Perfume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume

    Perfume (UK: / ˈ p ɜː f j uː m /, US: / p ər ˈ f j uː m / ⓘ) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. [1]

  5. Paul Parquet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Parquet

    Paul Parquet's Fougère Royale - 1884. With his use of coumarin in Fougère Royal, juxtaposed to lavender, citrus and woody notes, he revolutionized perfumery in being the first perfumer to ever use a synthetic fragrance material in his creations, and in conceptualizing a scent that was not an imitation of a natural smell, as ferns (fougère is French for fern) are basically odorless.

  6. François Coty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Coty

    Before Coty, perfume was considered a luxury item, affordable only to the very rich. Coty was the first to offer perfumes at many price points. By combining natural essences and synthetic products from suppliers such as Firmenich, he was able to reduce the costs of production. He is considered as the creator of modern perfumery. [10]

  7. Johann Maria Farina - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Maria_Farina

    Johann Maria Farina 1685–1766 Letter for one of the orders of Farina's new fragrance, 1716. Giovanni Maria Farina (born 8 December 1685, Santa Maria Maggiore; Germanized name: Johann Maria Farina, Francized: Jean Marie Farina – 25 November 1766, Cologne) was an Italian-born perfumier in Germany who created the first Eau de Cologne.

  8. “History Cool Kids”: 91 Interesting Pictures From The Past

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/history-cool-kids-91...

    The explorer who traveled the most in pre-modern history was a Muslim Moroccan explorer by the name of Ibn Battuta who is believed to have traversed 117,000 km (72,000 miles).

  9. Eau de Cologne - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne

    The original Eau de Cologne is a spirit-citrus perfume launched in Cologne in 1709 by Giovanni Maria Farina (1685–1766), an Italian perfume maker from Santa Maria Maggiore, Valle Vigezzo. In 1708, Farina wrote to his brother Jean Baptiste: "I have found a fragrance that reminds me of an Italian spring morning, of mountain daffodils and orange ...