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A number of materials contract on heating within certain temperature ranges; this is usually called negative thermal expansion, rather than "thermal contraction".For example, the coefficient of thermal expansion of water drops to zero as it is cooled to 3.983 °C (39.169 °F) and then becomes negative below this temperature; this means that water has a maximum density at this temperature, and ...
Specific volume is the volume occupied by a unit of mass of a material. [1] In many cases, the specific volume is a useful quantity to determine because, as an intensive property, it can be used to determine the complete state of a system in conjunction with another independent intensive variable .
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation.
The terms "intensive and extensive quantities" were introduced into physics by German mathematician Georg Helm in 1898, and by American physicist and chemist Richard C. Tolman in 1917. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] According to International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), an intensive property or intensive quantity is one whose magnitude is ...
The laws of thermodynamics imply the following relations between these two heat capacities (Gaskell 2003:23): = = Here is the thermal expansion coefficient: = is the isothermal compressibility (the inverse of the bulk modulus):
Some formulations for the Grüneisen parameter include: = = = = = ( ) where V is volume, and are the principal (i.e. per-mass) heat capacities at constant pressure and volume, E is energy, S is entropy, α is the volume thermal expansion coefficient, and are the adiabatic and isothermal bulk moduli, is the speed of sound in the medium ...
The Joule expansion (a subset of free expansion) is an irreversible process in thermodynamics in which a volume of gas is kept in one side of a thermally isolated container (via a small partition), with the other side of the container being evacuated. The partition between the two parts of the container is then opened, and the gas fills the ...
Volume expansion may refer to: Thermal expansion; Hypervolemia, an abnormally high level of fluid in the blood This page was last edited on 22 ...