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The President of the Republic is a title used for heads of state and/or heads of government in countries having republican form of government. Designation
A presidential system contrasts with a parliamentary system, where the head of government (usually called a prime minister) derives their power from the confidence of an elected legislature, which can dismiss the prime minister with a simple majority. Not all presidential systems use the title of president. Likewise, the title is sometimes used ...
The first European president was the president of the Italian Republic of 1802, a client state of revolutionary France, in the person of Napoleon Bonaparte. The first African president was the president of Liberia (1848), [22] while the first Asian president was the president of the Republic of China (1912). [23]
Semi-presidential republic: A semi-presidential republic is a government system with power divided between a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government, used in countries like France, Portugal, and Egypt. The president, elected by the people, symbolizes national unity and foreign policy while the prime minister is ...
A 1920s poster that commemorates the permanent President of the Republic of China Yuan Shikai and the provisional President of the Republic Sun Yat-sen. In East Asia, China had seen considerable anti-Qing sentiment during the 19th century, and a number of protest movements developed calling for constitutional monarchy.
While the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and Finland (from 1919 to 2000) exemplified early semi-presidential systems, the term "semi-presidential" was first introduced in 1959 in an article by journalist Hubert Beuve-Méry, [5] and popularized by a 1978 work written by political scientist Maurice Duverger, [6] both of whom intended to describe ...
Republic of Kosovo (since 17 February 2008; disputed) Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (since 28 May 2008) Plurinational State of Bolivia (since 7 February 2009) State of Libya (since 17 February 2011) Republic of South Sudan (since 9 July 2011) Barbados (since 30 November 2021) Democratic Republic of Turkmenistan (since 16 October 2024)