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  2. Pupillary response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_response

    Dilation and constriction of the pupil. Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil, via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve.. A constriction response (), [1] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates/opioids or anti-hypertension medications.

  3. Oculomotor nerve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculomotor_nerve

    The nerve also contains fibers that innervate the intrinsic eye muscles that enable pupillary constriction and accommodation (ability to focus on near objects as in reading). The oculomotor nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic midbrain. Cranial nerves IV and VI also participate in control of eye movement. [1]

  4. Mydriasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mydriasis

    Parasympathetic fibers travel with cranial nerve III, the oculomotor nerve, to innervate the circular layer of muscle of the eye (sphincter pupillae). Damage to this nerve typically manifests itself as mydriasis, because the sympathetic supply to the pupil, which causes mydriasis, remains unaffected, and therefore unopposed.

  5. Accommodation reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_reflex

    The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape (accommodation) and pupil size. It is dependent on cranial nerve II (afferent limb of reflex), superior ...

  6. Pupillary light reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_light_reflex

    Whereas, the pupil is the passive opening formed by the active iris. Pupillary reflex is synonymous with pupillary response, which may be pupillary constriction or dilation. Pupillary reflex is conceptually linked to the side (left or right) of the reacting pupil, and not to the side from which light stimulation originates.

  7. Iris dilator muscle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_dilator_muscle

    The pupillary dilator acts to increase the size of the pupil to allow more light to enter the eye. It works in opposition to the pupillary constrictor. [7] Pupil dilation occurs when there is insufficient light for the normal function of the eye, and during heightened sympathetic activity, for example in the "fight-or-flight reflex". [7] [8]

  8. Miosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosis

    Nerves involved in the resizing of the pupil connect to the pretectal nucleus of the high midbrain, bypassing the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex. From the pretectal nucleus neurons send axons to neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus whose visceromotor axons run along both the left and right oculomotor nerves.

  9. Long ciliary nerves - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_ciliary_nerves

    The long ciliary nerves are 2-3 [1] nerves that arise from the nasociliary nerve (itself a branch of the ophthalmic branch (CN V 1) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)). They enter the eyeball to provide sensory innervation to parts of the eye, and sympathetic visceral motor innervation to the dilator pupillae muscle .