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Due to its rarity and limited supply on a global level, the cost of regular liberica beans is on the higher end, with premium liberica beans carrying a heavier price tag. The caffeine concentration of liberica beans is the lowest of the three cultivars, with 1.23 g/100 g, where arabica has 1.61 g/100 g and Robusta has 2.26 g/100 g. [11]
The robusta plant has a greater crop yield than that of arabica, contains more caffeine (2.7% compared to arabica's 1.5%), [7] and contains less sugar (3–7% compared to arabica's 6–9%). [8] As it is less susceptible to pests and disease, [ 9 ] robusta needs much less herbicide and pesticide than arabica.
List and origin of arabica varieties TIF. Coffee varieties are the diverse subspecies derived through selective breeding or natural selection of coffee plants.While there is tremendous variability encountered in both wild and cultivated coffee plants, there are a few varieties and cultivars that are commercially important due to various unique and inherent traits such as disease resistance and ...
Liberica beans from Mindoro, Philippines. The shape of the liberica beans is unique among other commercial species (arabica, robusta, and excelsa). It is asymmetric, with one side shorter than the other side, creating characteristic "hook" at the tip. The central furrow is also more jagged in comparison to other coffee beans. [5]
Ideally, Arabica coffee beans are grown at temperatures between 15 and 24 °C (59 and 75 °F) and Robusta between 24 and 30 °C (75 and 86 °F) and receive between 500 and 3,000 mm (20 and 118 in) of rainfall per year. [18] More rain is needed at the beginning of the season when the fruit is developing and less later in the season as it ripens.
The two most popular are Coffea arabica (commonly known simply as "Arabica"), which accounts for 60–80% of the world's coffee production, and Coffea canephora (known as "Robusta"), which accounts for about 20–40%. [2] [3] C. arabica is preferred for its sweeter taste, while C. canephora has a higher caffeine content.
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Coffea robusta is grown at lower altitudes than Coffea arabica. The island of Sumatra is the largest producer, with the provinces of Lampung, South Sumatra and Bengkulu accounting for 50% of total national coffee production and up to 75% of Robusta production. [34] Smaller volumes are also grown in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali and Flores.