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Irish (Standard Irish: Gaeilge), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic (/ ˈ ɡ eɪ l ɪ k / GAY-lik), [3] [4] [5] is a Celtic language of the Indo-European language family. [4] [6] [7] [8] [3] It is a member of the Goidelic language group of the Insular Celtic sub branch of the family and is indigenous to the island of Ireland. [9]
Gaelic, by itself, is sometimes used to refer to Scottish Gaelic, especially in Scotland, and therefore is ambiguous.Irish and Manx are sometimes referred to as Irish Gaelic and Manx Gaelic (as they are Goidelic or Gaelic languages), but the use of the word "Gaelic" is unnecessary because the terms Irish and Manx, when used to denote languages, always refer to those languages.
The Celtic languages (/ ˈkɛltɪk / KEL-tik) are a branch of the Indo-European language family, descended from Proto-Celtic. [1] The term "Celtic" was first used to describe this language group by Edward Lhuyd in 1707, [2] following Paul-Yves Pezron, who made the explicit link between the Celts described by classical writers and the Welsh and ...
Old Irish is the ancestor of all modern Goidelic languages: Modern Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx. A still older form of Irish is known as Primitive Irish. Fragments of Primitive Irish, mainly personal names, are known from inscriptions on stone written in the Ogham alphabet.
Slender consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ʲ , are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate like the articulation of the [j] sound in yes / jɛs /. In Irish orthography, slender consonants are surrounded by e and i . ^ Also [ʝ] in some positions in some dialects. In Munster word final /j/ is fortified ...
Gaelic phonology is characterised by: a phoneme inventory particularly rich in sonorant coronal phonemes (commonly nine in total) a contrasting set of palatalised and non-palatalised consonants. strong initial word-stress and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. The presence of preaspiration of stops in certain contexts.
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people [nb 1] mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania, and Southern Africa. The most widely spoken Germanic language, English, is also the world's most widely spoken language with an estimated 2 billion speakers.
Scottish Gaelic (/ ˈ ɡ æ l ɪ k /, GAL-ik; endonym: Gàidhlig [ˈkaːlɪkʲ] ⓘ), also known as Scots Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Goidelic language (in the Celtic branch of the Indo-European language family) native to the Gaels of Scotland.