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The borderline pattern specifier is defined as a personality disturbance marked by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, as well as impulsivity. [112] Diagnosis require meeting five or more out of nine specific criteria: Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.
Psychological pain, mental pain, or emotional pain is an unpleasant feeling (a suffering) of a psychological, non-physical origin. A pioneer in the field of suicidology, Edwin S. Shneidman, described it as "how much you hurt as a human being. It is mental suffering; mental torment." [1] There are numerous ways psychological pain is referred to ...
Schema therapy (also called schema-focused therapy) is an integrative approach based on cognitive-behavioral or skills-based techniques along with object relations and gestalt approaches. It directly targets deeper aspects of emotion, personality and schemas (fundamental ways of categorizing and reacting to the world).
Prolonged grief disorder (PGD), also known as complicated grief (CG), [1] traumatic grief (TG) [2] and persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD) in the DSM-5, [3] is a mental disorder consisting of a distinct set of symptoms following the death of a family member or close friend (i.e. bereavement). People with PGD are preoccupied by grief ...
Due to conflicting findings in studies regarding benzodiazepines and increased risks of death including from cancer, further research in long-term use of benzodiazepines and mortality risk has been recommended; most of the available research has been conducted in prescribed users, even less is known about illicit misusers.
The rate of dosage reduction is best carried out so as to minimize the symptoms' intensity and severity. Anecdotally, a slow rate of reduction may reduce the risk of developing a severe protracted syndrome. Long half-life benzodiazepines like diazepam [1] or chlordiazepoxide are preferred to minimize rebound effects and are available in low ...
Death anxiety. Death anxiety is anxiety caused by thoughts of one's own death, and is also known as thanatophobia (fear of death). [1] Individuals affected by this kind of anxiety experience challenges and adversities in many aspects of their lives. [2] Death anxiety is different from necrophobia, which refers to an irrational or ...
Avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) or anxious personality disorder is a Cluster C personality disorder characterized by excessive social anxiety and inhibition, fear of intimacy (despite an intense desire for it), severe feelings of inadequacy and inferiority, and an overreliance on avoidance of feared stimuli (e.g. self-imposed social isolation) as a maladaptive coping method. [1]