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Frequent hand washing and covering one's mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing reduce transmission, as does wearing a mask. Annual vaccination can help to provide protection against influenza. Influenza viruses, particularly influenza A virus, evolve quickly, so flu vaccines are updated regularly to match which influenza strains are in ...
Viral evolution is a subfield of evolutionary biology and virology that is specifically concerned with the evolution of viruses. [1] [2] Viruses have short generation times, and many—in particular RNA viruses—have relatively high mutation rates (on the order of one point mutation or more per genome per round of replication).
Antigenic drift has been responsible for heavier-than-normal flu seasons in the past, like the outbreak of influenza H3N2 variant A/Fujian/411/2002 in the 2003–2004 flu season. All influenza viruses experience some form of antigenic drift, but it is most pronounced in the influenza A virus.
When, where and how the H5N1 bird flu virus may evolve and its capacity to spark a pandemic is hard to predict — in part, some researchers say, because of federal restrictions on gain-of ...
But there were an estimated 9 million flu illnesses, 4 million flu-related medical visits, 100,000 flu-related hospitalizations, and 5,000 flu deaths last year, according to the Centers for ...
Known flu pandemics [10] [40] [41] Name of pandemic Date Deaths Case fatality rate Subtype involved Pandemic Severity Index; 1889–1890 flu pandemic (Asiatic or Russian Flu) [42] 1889–1890: 1 million: 0.15%: Possibly H3N8 or H2N2 — 1918 flu pandemic (Spanish flu) [43] 1918–1920: 20 to 100 million: 2%: H1N1: 5 Asian Flu: 1957–1958: 1 to ...
Over 160,000 people this season have landed in the hospital from flu complications, CDC estimates. More than 6,600 have died. ... The 15 healthiest fast food desserts, according to registered ...
The H5N1 strain is a fast-mutating, ... (bird flu virus). ... and the virus will continue to evolve.Map [4] On July 25, 2008, ...