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  2. Opioid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid

    Opioids do not cause any specific organ toxicity, unlike many other drugs, such as aspirin and paracetamol. ... The term "opioid" originated in the 1950s. [248]

  3. Opiate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opiate

    Opioids act upon opioid receptors that are coupled to inhibitor G protein coupled receptors (GPCR). These receptors fall into 3 classes: μ (mu), δ (delta), and κ (kappa) receptors. [36] More than 70% of opioid receptors are μ receptors, predominantly located on the central terminals of nociceptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

  4. Opium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium

    Opium (or poppy tears, scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum. [4] Approximately 12 percent of opium is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade.

  5. Heroin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin

    According to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 90% of the heroin seized in Canada (where the origin was known) came from Afghanistan. [138] Pakistan is the destination and transit point for 40 percent of the opiates produced in Afghanistan, other destinations of Afghan opiates are Russia, Europe and Iran. [139] [140]

  6. Opioid receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_receptor

    The opioid receptor (OR) family originated from two duplication events of a single ancestral opioid receptor early in vertebrate evolution. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that the family of opioid receptors was already present at the origin of jawed vertebrates over 450 million years ago.

  7. Poppy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppy

    It is believed that it originated in the Mediterranean region. [3] A flowering glaucium flavum. Poppies belong to the subfamily Papaveroideae of the family Papaveraceae, which includes the following genera: Papaver – Papaver rhoeas, Papaver somniferum, Papaver orientale, Papaver nudicaule, Papaver cambricum; Eschscholzia – Eschscholzia ...

  8. Dying To Be Free - The Huffington Post

    projects.huffingtonpost.com/dying-to-be-free...

    The opioid epidemic took hold in the U.S. in the 1990s. Percocet, OxyContin and Opana became commonplace wherever chronic pain met a chronic lack of access to quality health care, especially in Appalachia. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention calls the prescription opioid epidemic the worst of its kind in U.S. history.

  9. Narcotic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotic

    Endogenous opioids (enkephalins, dynorphin, endorphin) do not bind specifically to any particular opioid receptor. Receptor binding of the opioid causes a cascade leading to the channel opening and hyperpolarization of the neuron. The opioid receptors have the following channel types: mu, K + channel; l delta, K + channel; kappa, Ca 2+ channel ...