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A non-blocking algorithm is lock-free if there is guaranteed system-wide progress, and wait-free if there is also guaranteed per-thread progress. "Non-blocking" was used as a synonym for "lock-free" in the literature until the introduction of obstruction-freedom in 2003. [2]
"Creating a Notifying Blocking Thread Pool in Java" by Amir Kirsh "Practical Threaded Programming with Python: Thread Pools and Queues" by Noah Gift "Optimizing Thread-Pool Strategies for Real-Time CORBA" by Irfan Pyarali, Marina Spivak, Douglas C. Schmidt and Ron Cytron "Deferred cancellation. A behavioral pattern" by Philipp Bachmann
A non-blocking linked list is an example of non-blocking data structures designed to implement a linked list in shared memory using synchronization primitives: Compare-and-swap; Fetch-and-add; Load-link/store-conditional; Several strategies for implementing non-blocking lists have been suggested.
In computer science and software engineering, busy-waiting, busy-looping or spinning is a technique in which a process repeatedly checks to see if a condition is true, such as whether keyboard input or a lock is available.
Access to shared data is serialized using mechanisms that ensure only one thread reads or writes to the shared data at any time. Incorporation of mutual exclusion needs to be well thought out, since improper usage can lead to side-effects like deadlocks , livelocks , and resource starvation .
An example is "blocking on a channel" where passively waiting for the other part (i.e. no polling or spin loop) is part of the semantics of channels. [3] Correctly engineered, any of these may be used to implement reactive systems. [clarification needed] Deadlock means that processes pathologically wait for each other in a circle. As such it is ...
Without concurrency control, if someone is reading from a database at the same time as someone else is writing to it, it is possible that the reader will see a half-written or inconsistent piece of data. For instance, when making a wire transfer between two bank accounts if a reader reads the balance at the bank when the money has been ...
To convolutionally encode data, start with k memory registers, each holding one input bit.Unless otherwise specified, all memory registers start with a value of 0. The encoder has n modulo-2 adders (a modulo 2 adder can be implemented with a single Boolean XOR gate, where the logic is: 0+0 = 0, 0+1 = 1, 1+0 = 1, 1+1 = 0), and n generator polynomials — one for each adder (see figure below).