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Kerosene is widely used to power jet engines of aircraft , as well as some rocket engines in a highly refined form called RP-1. It is also commonly used as a cooking and lighting fuel, and for fire toys such as poi. In parts of Asia, kerosene is sometimes used as fuel for small outboard motors or even motorcycles. [2]
Nonane is a linear alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C 9 H 20.It is a colorless, flammable liquid, occurring primarily in the component of the petroleum distillate fraction commonly called kerosene, which is used as a heating, tractor, and jet fuel. [4]
Developed in the 1950s, RP-1 is outwardly similar to other kerosene-based fuels like Jet A and JP-8 used in turbine engines but is manufactured to stricter standards. While RP-1 is widely used globally, the primary rocket kerosene formulations in Russia and other former Soviet countries are RG-1 and T-1, which have slightly higher densities.
Naphtha (/ ˈ n æ f θ ə /, recorded as less common or nonstandard [1] in all dictionaries: / ˈ n æ p θ ə /) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture.Generally, it is a fraction of crude oil, but it can also be produced from natural-gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the fractional distillation of coal tar and peat.
Piston-engined aircraft use leaded gasoline and those with diesel engines may use jet fuel (kerosene). [1] By 2012, all aircraft operated by the U.S. Air Force had been certified to use a 50–50 blend of kerosene and synthetic fuel derived from coal or natural gas as a way of stabilizing the cost of fuel. [2]
Once extracted, oil is refined and separated, most easily by distillation, into numerous products for direct use or use in manufacturing, such as gasoline (petrol), diesel and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagents (ethylene, propylene, butene, acrylic acid, para-xylene [88]) used to make plastics, pesticides and pharmaceuticals.
Synthetic oils are also used in metal stamping to provide environmental and other benefits when compared to conventional petroleum and animal-fat based products. [4] These products are also referred to as "non-oil" or "oil free". A polyalcanoate synthetic oil is widely used to lubricate pendulum clocks.
Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C 10 H 22. Although 75 structural isomers are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane ("n-decane"), with the formula CH 3 (CH 2) 8 CH 3. All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition. [5] These isomers are ...