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The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [2] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [3] The disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas and through the air.
Theories of the Black Death are a variety of explanations that have been advanced to explain the nature and transmission of the Black Death (1347–51). A number of epidemiologists from the 1980s to the 2000s challenged the traditional view that the Black Death was caused by plague based on the type and spread of the disease.
Map showing the spread of the Black Death (bubonic plague) in Europe during the 1331–1351 pandemic which is believed to have started in China and spread west, reaching the Black Sea by 1347 Plague Riot in Moscow in 1771: During the course of the city's plague , between 50,000 and 100,000 died (1/6 to 1/3 of its population).
Black Death, designed by Greg Porter, is a game in which players are diseases sweeping across medieval Europe in 1347. [1] The game components are: a board with a stylized map of the trade routes in medieval Europe; a 3-page rulebook; punch-out cardboard counters; a deck of Event cards; two 6-sided dice
The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348–1350: A Brief History with Documents (2005) excerpt and text search, with primary sources; Benedictow, Ole J. The Black Death 1346–1353: The Complete History (2012) excerpt and text search; Borsch, Stuart J. The Black Death in Egypt and England: A Comparative Study (U of Texas Press, 2005) online
The ordinance was issued in response to the 1348−1350 outbreak of the Black Death in England. [2] During this outbreak, an estimated 30−40% of the population died. [3] The decline in population left surviving workers in great demand in the agricultural economy of Britain. [2]
A plague doctor and his typical apparel during the 17th century. The second plague pandemic was a major series of epidemics of plague that started with the Black Death, which reached medieval Europe in 1346 and killed up to half of the population of Eurasia in the next four years.
For years it was common for Europeans to assume that the Black Death originated in China. Charles Creighton, in his History of Epidemics in Britain (1891), summarizes the tendency to retrospectively describe the origins of the Black Death in China despite lack of evidence for it: "In that nebulous and unsatisfactory state the old tradition of the Black Death originating in China has remained ...