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They may also test for naturalness and fluency in speaking (naturalness rating scale (NAT), test of childhood stuttering (TOCS)) and physical concomitants during speech (Riley's Stuttering Severity Instrument Fourth Edition (SSI-4)). [41] They might also employ a test to evaluate the severity of the stuttering and predictions for its course.
Stuttering is a speech disorder that interferes with the fluent production of speech. Some of the symptoms that characterize stuttering disfluencies are repetitions, prolongations and blocks. [ 4 ] Early investigators suggested and have continually been proven correct in assuming that those who stutter had an abnormal speech–auditory feedback ...
The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is a 28-item self-report questionnaire, adapted from the semi-structured interview, the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). The questionnaire is designed to assess the range, frequency and severity of behaviours associated with a diagnosis of an eating disorder.
Greek orator Demosthenes practicing oratory at the beach with pebbles in his mouth. Stuttering (alalia syllabaris), also known as stammering (alalia literalis or anarthria literalis), is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases, and involuntary silent pauses or blocks during which the person ...
Stuttering modification therapy, also known as traditional stuttering therapy, [2] was developed by Charles Van Riper between 1936 and 1958. [14] It focuses on reducing the severity of stuttering by changing only the portions of speech in which a person stutters, to make them smoother, shorter, less tense and hard, and less penalizing.
White noise masking has been well documented to reduce stuttering. [2] [10] [11] Clinic-based and portable devices, such as the Edinburgh Masker (since discontinued) have been developed to deliver masking, and found that masking was effective in reducing stuttering, [12] [13] though many found that reduction in stuttering faded with time. [14]
The Stuttering Foundation of America provides free online resources, services and support to those who stutter and their families, as well as support for research into the causes of stuttering. A 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, The Stuttering Foundation was established by Malcolm Fraser in 1947 in Memphis, Tennessee . [ 1 ]
The National Stuttering Association (NSA) is a United States support group organization for people who stutter.Its headquarters are in New York City. [1]The NSA was founded by Bob Goldman and Michael Sugarman as the National Stuttering Project in California in 1977. [2]