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Camphor (/ ˈ k æ m f ər /) is a waxy, colorless solid with a strong aroma. [5] It is classified as a terpenoid and a cyclic ketone.It is found in the wood of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), a large evergreen tree found in East Asia; and in the kapur tree (Dryobalanops sp.), a tall timber tree from South East Asia.
In 1821, John Kidd cited these two disclosures and then described many of this substance's properties and the means of its production. He proposed the name naphthaline , as it had been derived from a kind of naphtha (a broad term encompassing any volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture, including coal tar). [ 16 ]
It has a fresh camphor-like odor and a spicy, cooling taste. [1] It is insoluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents. Eucalyptol makes up about 70–90% of eucalyptus oil. [2] [3] Eucalyptol forms crystalline adducts with hydrohalic acids, o-cresol, resorcinol, and phosphoric acid. Formation of these adducts is useful for purification.
Industrially, a racemic mixture of camphor is used, leading to a racemic mixture of borneol and isoborneol. The chirality can be controlled by changing the chirality of camphor: (+)-camphor gives (−)-isoborneol and (+)-borneol. [7] Reduction of camphor with sodium borohydride (fast and irreversible) gives instead the diastereomer isoborneol.
Although hydrogen bonding is a relatively weak attraction compared to the covalent bonds within the water molecule itself, it is responsible for several of the water's physical properties. These properties include its relatively high melting and boiling point temperatures: more energy is required to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules.
Camphora officinarum grows up to 20–30 m (66–98 ft) tall. [4] In Japan, where the tree is called kusunoki, five camphor trees are known with a trunk circumference above 20 m (66 ft), with the largest individual, Kamō no Ōkusu (蒲生の大楠, "Great camphor of Kamō"), reaching 24.22 m (79 + 1 ⁄ 2 ft).
As with other terpenes, it is insoluble in water, flammable, colorless, and has a pungent smell. [4] It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, valerian, and mango. [5]
Cyclohexanol is the organic compound with the formula HOCH(CH 2) 5.The molecule is related to cyclohexane by replacement of one hydrogen atom by a hydroxyl group. [4] This compound exists as a deliquescent colorless solid with a camphor-like odor, which, when very pure, melts near room temperature.