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Interphase nucleus (left), condensing chromosomes (middle) and condensed chromosomes (right) Prophase during mitosis During prophase, which occurs after G 2 interphase, the cell prepares to divide by tightly condensing its chromosomes and initiating mitotic spindle formation.
During prometaphase and metaphase, condensin I and condensin II cooperate to assemble rod-shaped chromosomes, in which two sister chromatids are fully resolved. Such differential dynamics of the two complexes is observed in Xenopus egg extracts , [ 57 ] mouse oocytes, [ 58 ] and neural stem cells, [ 59 ] indicating that it is part of a ...
Chromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus. This segregation process occurs during both mitosis and meiosis. Chromosome segregation also occurs in prokaryotes ...
The thick lines are chromosomes, and the thin blue lines are fibers pulling on the chromosomes and pushing the ends of the cell apart. The cell cycle in eukaryotes: I = Interphase, M = Mitosis, G 0 = Gap 0, G 1 = Gap 1, G 2 = Gap 2, S = Synthesis, G 3 = Gap 3. Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. [1]
Mitosis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets in two nuclei. [8] During the process of mitosis the pairs of chromosomes condense and attach to microtubules that pull the sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell. [9]
Prophase is the first step of cell division in mitosis. As it occurs after G2 of interphase, DNA has been already replicated when prophase begins. [1] Fluorescence microscope image of two mouse cell nuclei in prophase (scale bar is 5 μm).
The appearance of a prematurely condensed chromosome depends on the stage that the interphase cell was in. [1] Chromosomes that are condensed during the G 1 phase are usually long and have a single strand, while chromosomes condensed during the S phase appear crushed. Condensation during the G 2 phase yields long chromosomes with two chromatids.
It is referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis, a process that produces genetically identical daughter cells, or the meiotic spindle during meiosis, a process that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Besides chromosomes, the spindle apparatus is composed of hundreds of proteins.