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An infinite series of any rational function of can be reduced to a finite series of polygamma functions, by use of partial fraction decomposition, [8] as explained here. This fact can also be applied to finite series of rational functions, allowing the result to be computed in constant time even when the series contains a large number of terms.
A series or, redundantly, an infinite series, is an infinite sum.It is often represented as [8] [15] [16] + + + + + +, where the terms are the members of a sequence of numbers, functions, or anything else that can be added.
The geometric series is an infinite series derived from a special type of sequence called a geometric progression.This means that it is the sum of infinitely many terms of geometric progression: starting from the initial term , and the next one being the initial term multiplied by a constant number known as the common ratio .
In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total.Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an operation denoted "+" is defined.
A summation method that is linear and stable cannot sum the series 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ to any finite value. (Stable means that adding a term at the beginning of the series increases the sum by the value of the added term.) This can be seen as follows. If + + + =, then adding 0 to both sides gives
The formula for an integration by parts is () ′ = [() ()] ′ (). Beside the boundary conditions , we notice that the first integral contains two multiplied functions, one which is integrated in the final integral ( g ′ {\displaystyle g'} becomes g {\displaystyle g} ) and one which is differentiated ( f {\displaystyle f} becomes f ...
The sum of the members of a finite arithmetic progression is called an arithmetic series. For example, consider the sum: ... for the formula giving the sum of the ...
A rigorous proof of these formulas and Faulhaber's assertion that such formulas would exist for all odd powers took until Carl Jacobi , two centuries later. Jacobi benefited from the progress of mathematical analysis using the development in infinite series of an exponential function generating Bernoulli numbers.