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The goal is to arrange the squares into a 4 by 6 grid so that when two squares share an edge, the common edge is the same color in both squares. In 1964, a supercomputer was used to produce 12,261 solutions to the basic version of the MacMahon Squares puzzle, with a runtime of about 40 hours. [2]
Initially, this proof was not accepted by all mathematicians because the computer-assisted proof was infeasible for a human to check by hand. [2] The proof has gained wide acceptance since then, although some doubts remain. [3] The theorem is a stronger version of the five color theorem, which can be shown using a significantly simpler argument.
The number zero for n = 6 is an example of a more general phenomenon: associative magic squares do not exist for values of n that are singly even (equal to 2 modulo 4). [3] Every associative magic square of even order forms a singular matrix, but associative magic squares of odd order can be singular or nonsingular. [4]
With only two colors, it cannot be colored at all. With four colors, it can be colored in 24 + 4 × 12 = 72 ways: using all four colors, there are 4! = 24 valid colorings (every assignment of four colors to any 4-vertex graph is a proper coloring); and for every choice of three of the four colors, there are 12 valid 3-colorings. So, for the ...
For odd square, since there are (n - 1)/2 same sided rows or columns, there are (n - 1)(n - 3)/8 pairs of such rows or columns that can be interchanged. Thus, there are 2 (n - 1)(n - 3)/8 × 2 (n - 1)(n - 3)/8 = 2 (n - 1)(n - 3)/4 equivalent magic squares obtained by combining such interchanges. Interchanging all the same sided rows flips each ...
He has made contributions working on both the square packing problem and the magic tile problem. In 1979 he discovered the optimal known packing of 11 equal squares in a larger square, [ 2 ] and in 2003, along with Christian Boyer , developed the first known magic cube of order 5. [ 3 ]
Consequently, all 4 × 4 pandiagonal magic squares that are associative must have duplicate cells. All 4 × 4 pandiagonal magic squares using numbers 1-16 without duplicates are obtained by letting a equal 1; letting b, c, d, and e equal 1, 2, 4, and 8 in some order; and applying some translation.
The normal magic constant of order n is n 3 + n / 2 . The largest magic constant of normal magic square which is also a: triangular number is 15 (solve the Diophantine equation x 2 = y 3 + 16y + 16, where y is divisible by 4); square number is 1 (solve the Diophantine equation x 2 = y 3 + 4y, where y is even);