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A rotational slump occurs when a slump block, composed of sediment or rock, slides along a concave-upward slip surface with rotation about an axis parallel to the slope. [3] Rotational movement causes the original surface of the block to become less steep, and the top of the slump is rotated backward.
Tilted block faulting, also called rotational block faulting, is a mode of structural evolution in extensional tectonic events, a result of tectonic plates stretching apart. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When the upper lithospheric crust experiences extensional pressures, the brittle crust fractures, creating detachment faults . [ 3 ]
Classic rotational failure along sea cliffs, resulting court case set important precedent in English law [124] [125] 21 Oct 1993 Pantai Remis, Perak, Malaysia: Pantai Remis landslide: 0 Slope failure of an open pit tin mine near the sea resulted in forming a new cove measuring approximately 0.5 by 0.5 kilometres (0.3 by 0.3 mi). 4 Mar 1995
It can also be significant in coastal areas when sea level falls after a storm tide, or when the water level of a reservoir or even a natural lake rapidly falls. The most famous example of this is the Vajont failure, when a rapid decline in lake level contributed to the occurrence of a landslide that killed over 2000 people. Numerous huge ...
Talus cones produced by mass moving, north shore of Isfjord, Svalbard, Norway Mass wasting at Palo Duro Canyon, West Texas (2002) A rockfall in Grand Canyon National Park. Mass wasting, also known as mass movement, [1] is a general term for the movement of rock or soil down slopes under the force of gravity.
A river bank can be divided into three zones: Toe zone, bank zone, and overbank area. The toe zone is the area which is most susceptible to erosion. [2] Because it is located in between the ordinary water level and the low water level, it is strongly affected by currents and erosional events. [2]
These cycles can describe how the Earth's orbit and rotational wobble vary over time. The Milankovitch cycles, along with solar forcing, have been determined to drive periodic environmental change on a global scale, namely between glacial and interglacial environments. Each river system will respond to these climate variations on a regional scale.
For instance, coarser grained sediments such as sand may be deposited at angles of up to 15 degrees, held up by the internal friction between grains which prevents them slumping to a lower angle without additional reworking or effort. This is known as the angle of repose, and a prime example is the surface of sand dunes.