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Hepatitis E is inflammation of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV); [4] [5] it is a type of viral hepatitis. [6] ... with death rates ...
Age-standardised Death Rate (per 100,000) in 2017 Cause Rate % total % change 2007–2017 ... Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases due to hepatitis B: 4.8:
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
About 1–2% of cases of hepatitis E can lead to fulminant hepatitis, but pregnant women are particularly susceptible, occurring in up to 20% of cases. [122] Mortality rates in cases of fulminant hepatitis rise over 80%, but those patients that do survive often make a complete recovery.
There have been various major infectious diseases with high prevalence worldwide, but they are currently not listed in the above table as epidemics/pandemics due to the lack of definite data, such as time span and death toll. An Ethiopian child with malaria, a disease with an annual death rate of 619,000 as of 2021. [18]
Hepatitis E is caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV), from the family Hepeviridae. It produces symptoms similar to hepatitis A , although it can take a fulminant course in some patients, particularly pregnant women (mortality rate about 20%); chronic infections may occur in immune-compromised patients.
Human, pig, wild boar, sheep, cow, camel, monkey, some rodents, bats and chickens serve as natural hosts. There are two genera in the family. Diseases associated with this family include: hepatitis; high mortality rate during pregnancy; and avian hepatitis E virus is the cause of hepatitis-splenomegaly (HS) syndrome among chickens. [1] [2]
Acute hyperbilirubinemia is found in >70% of hepatitis E patients but chronic infection is scarce. [16] The transmission routes of hepatic viruses A and E are oral-faecal while that of hepatic viruses B, C and D are parenteral. [6] [15] [16] In general, conditions that increase risk of contracting hepatitis viruses infections include [3] [17]