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The Hurwitz quaternions form an order (in the sense of ring theory) in the division ring of quaternions with rational components. It is in fact a maximal order ; this accounts for its importance. The Lipschitz quaternions, which are the more obvious candidate for the idea of an integral quaternion , also form an order.
The field of complex numbers is also isomorphic to three subsets of quaternions.) [22] A quaternion that equals its vector part is called a vector quaternion. The set of quaternions is a 4-dimensional vector space over the real numbers, with {,,,} as a basis, by the component-wise addition
The (2,3,7) hyperbolic triangle group is a subgroup of the group of norm 1 elements in the quaternion algebra generated as an associative algebra by the pair of generators i,j and relations i 2 = j 2 = η, ij = −ji. One chooses a suitable Hurwitz quaternion order in the
Adolf Hurwitz (German: [ˈaːdɔlf ˈhʊʁvɪts]; 26 March 1859 – 18 November 1919) was a German mathematician who worked on algebra, analysis, geometry and number theory. Early life [ edit ]
The Hurwitz quaternion order is a specific order in a quaternion algebra over a suitable number field. The order is of particular importance in Riemann surface theory, in connection with surfaces with maximal symmetry , namely the Hurwitz surfaces . [ 1 ]
Thus, the quaternion components ,,, are either all integers or all half-integers, depending on whether is even or odd, respectively. The set of Hurwitz quaternions forms a ring; that is to say, the sum or product of any two Hurwitz quaternions is likewise a Hurwitz quaternion.
These may be interpreted as multiplicativity for the norms on the complex numbers (), quaternions (), and octonions (), respectively. [1]: 1–3 [2] The Hurwitz problem for the field K is to find general relations of the form
The quaternion a + bi + cj + dk can be represented as the 2×2 complex matrix [ a + b i c + d i − c + d i a − b i ] . {\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}~~a+bi&c+di\\-c+di&a-bi\end{bmatrix}}.} This defines a map Ψ mn from the m by n quaternionic matrices to the 2 m by 2 n complex matrices by replacing each entry in the quaternionic matrix by ...