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This is a timeline of subatomic particle discoveries, including all particles thus far discovered which appear to be elementary (that is, indivisible) given the best available evidence. It also includes the discovery of composite particles and antiparticles that were of particular historical importance.
1916 – Schwarzschild metric modeling gravity outside a large sphere; 1917 - Ernest Rutherford: Proton proved; 1919 – Arthur Eddington:Light bending confirmed – evidence for general relativity; 1919–1926 – Kaluza–Klein theory proposing unification of gravity and electromagnetism; 1922 – Alexander Friedmann proposes expanding universe
Based on the principle of relativity, Henri Poincaré (1905, 1906), Hermann Minkowski (1908), and Arnold Sommerfeld (1910) tried to modify Newton's theory and to establish a Lorentz invariant gravitational law, in which the speed of gravity is that of light. As in Lorentz's model, the value for the perihelion advance of Mercury was much too low.
This also means it is the first elementary scalar particle discovered in nature. [32] By March 2013, the existence of the Higgs boson was confirmed, and therefore the concept of some type of Higgs field throughout space is strongly supported.
A theory of quantum gravity is needed in order to reconcile these differences. [16] Whether this theory should be background-independent is an open question. The answer to this question will determine the understanding of what specific role gravitation plays in the fate of the universe. [17]
The neutrino [a] was postulated first by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930 to explain how beta decay could conserve energy, momentum, and angular momentum ().In contrast to Niels Bohr, who proposed a statistical version of the conservation laws to explain the observed continuous energy spectra in beta decay, Pauli hypothesized an undetected particle that he called a "neutron", using the same -on ending ...
[250] [251] LIGO-VIRGO and Fermi constrain the difference between the speed of gravity and the speed of light in vacuum to 10 −15. [252] This marks the first time electromagnetic and gravitational waves are detected from a single source, [253] [254] and give direct evidence that some (short) gamma-ray bursts are due to colliding neutron stars ...
But unlike the jet formed by J1601+3102, Porphyrion was found 7.5 billion light-years away from Earth in what’s called the “nearby” universe, rather than the early universe, according to the ...