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However, there is no known safe level of exposure and thus, any exposure to particulate pollution is likely to increase an individual's risk of adverse health effects. [35] In European countries, air quality at or above 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m 3 ) for PM 2.5 increases the all-causes daily mortality rate by 0.2-0.6% and the ...
The country implemented a clean air policy to reduce the road transport sector, which is responsible for 85% of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) total emissions and 72% of particulate matter of less than 10 microns (PM10) [38] Most successful policies were: Improving fuel quality by reducing the sulfur content in diesel
Health effects are concentrated among women, who are likely to be responsible for cooking, and young children. [109] The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that cooking-related pollution causes 3.8 million annual deaths. [110] The Global Burden of Disease study estimated the number of deaths in 2021 at 3.1 million. [111]
In May 2014 the World Health Organization announced New Delhi as the most polluted city in the world. [50] In November 2016, the Great smog of Delhi was an environmental event which saw New Delhi and adjoining areas in a dense blanket of smog, which was the worst in 17 years. 2018 Air Pollution in New Delhi (PM2.5 AQI).
Air pollution is among the biggest health problems of modern industrial society and is responsible for more than 10 percent of all deaths worldwide (nearly 4.5 million premature deaths in 2019), according to The Lancet. Air pollution can affect nearly every organ and system of the body, negatively affecting nature and humans alike.
In terms of health effects, the guideline states that PM2.5 concentration of 10 is the lowest level at which total, cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality have been shown to increase with more than 95% confidence in response to long-term exposure to PM2.5. [2]
The environmental effect of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is being investigated since at least the 1990s.PPCPs include substances used by individuals for personal health or cosmetic reasons and the products used by agribusiness to boost growth or health of livestock.
In Gwalior, the city with the worst air quality in India, the PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels were 329 μg/m 3 and 144 μg/m 3 respectively. For comparison, the PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels in London were 22 μg/m 3 and 16 μg/m 3 respectively. In December–January 2015, in Delhi, an average PM 2.5 level of 226 μg/m 3 was noted by US