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  2. Credential stuffing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credential_stuffing

    Credential stuffing is a type of cyberattack in which the attacker collects stolen account credentials, typically consisting of lists of usernames or email addresses and the corresponding passwords (often from a data breach), and then uses the credentials to gain unauthorized access to user accounts on other systems through large-scale automated login requests directed against a web ...

  3. Cozy Bear - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cozy_Bear

    In January 2024, Microsoft reported having recently discovered and ended a breach beginning the previous November of the email accounts of their senior leadership and other employees in the legal and cybersecurity teams using a "password spray", a form of brute-force attack. This hack conducted by Midnight Blizzard appears to have aimed to find ...

  4. Heap spraying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_spraying

    The part of the source code of an exploit that implements this technique is called a heap spray. [1] In general, code that sprays the heap attempts to put a certain sequence of bytes at a predetermined location in the memory of a target process by having it allocate (large) blocks on the process's heap and fill the bytes in these blocks with ...

  5. Password cracking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

    The purpose of password cracking might be to help a user recover a forgotten password (due to the fact that installing an entirely new password would involve System Administration privileges), to gain unauthorized access to a system, or to act as a preventive measure whereby system administrators check for easily crackable passwords. On a file ...

  6. Heap feng shui - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_feng_shui

    In computer security, heap feng shui (also known as heap grooming [1]) is a technique used in exploits to facilitate arbitrary code execution. [2] The technique attempts to manipulate the layout of the heap by making heap allocations of carefully selected sizes.

  7. Return-oriented programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return-oriented_programming

    Return-oriented programming (ROP) is a computer security exploit technique that allows an attacker to execute code in the presence of security defenses [1] [2] such as executable-space protection and code signing.

  8. Hydra (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_(software)

    Hydra works by using different approaches, such as brute-force attacks and dictionary attacks, in order to guess the right username and password combination. Hydra is commonly used by penetration testers together with a set of programmes like crunch, [ 3 ] cupp [ 4 ] etc, which are used to generate wordlists based on user-defined patterns.

  9. Cold boot attack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_boot_attack

    In computer security, a cold boot attack (or to a lesser extent, a platform reset attack) is a type of side channel attack in which an attacker with physical access to a computer performs a memory dump of a computer's random-access memory (RAM) by performing a hard reset of the target machine.