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Red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) is a storable oxidizer used as a rocket propellant. It consists of nitric acid (H N O 3), dinitrogen tetroxide (N 2 O 4) and a small amount of water. The color of red fuming nitric acid is due to the dinitrogen tetroxide, which breaks down partially to form nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide dissolves until the ...
It is advised to check the references for photos of reaction results. [1] Reagent testers might show the colour of the desired substance while not showing a different colour for a more dangerous additive. [2]
[5]: 13 BMW developed engines burning a hypergolic mix of nitric acid with various combinations of amines, xylidines and anilines. [6] Hypergolic propellants were discovered independently, for the second time, in the U.S. by GALCIT and Navy Annapolis researchers in 1940. They developed engines powered by aniline and red fuming nitric acid (RFNA ...
White fuming nitric acid, pure nitric acid or WFNA, is very close to anhydrous nitric acid. It is available as 99.9% nitric acid by assay, or about 24 molar . One specification for white fuming nitric acid is that it has a maximum of 2% water and a maximum of 0.5% dissolved NO 2 .
As the mixture is an extremely strong oxidant, it can ignite combustibles upon contact. Upon decomposition it produce red fumes of nitrogen tetroxide and nitric acid. [1] [3] [4] [5] Some former-Soviet countries have large quantities. Ukraine, for example, had 16,000 tonnes, which the OSCE has helped process.
UDMH is often used in hypergolic rocket fuels as a bipropellant in combination with the oxidizer nitrogen tetroxide and less frequently with IRFNA (inhibited red fuming nitric acid) or liquid oxygen. [12] UDMH is a derivative of hydrazine and is sometimes referred to as a hydrazine. As a fuel, it is described in specification MIL-PRF-25604 in ...
Both propellants are extremely dangerous individually: nitric acid is highly corrosive and releases toxic nitrogen dioxide during reactions, or even simply while exposed to air in its highly concentrated "red fuming" form, typically used as rocket propellant. UDMH is both toxic and corrosive.
Nitric acid other than red fuming, with more than 70 percent nitric acid or Nitric acid other than red fuming, with not more than 70 percent nitric acid UN 2032: 8: Nitric acid, red fuming UN 2033: 8: Potassium monoxide: UN 2034: 2: Hydrogen and Methane mixtures, compressed UN 2035: 2: 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane, compressed or Refrigerant gas R 143a ...